# config/routes.rb
 
Rails.application.routes.draw do
 
  root "frogs#index"
 
  get "twigs/index"
  get "/twigs", to: "twigs#index"
 
  # get: /url, to: controller#action, as: path_helper
  get "pond", to: "pond#index", as: "habitat"
 
  # custom route w id param
  post "frogs/:id/kiss", to: "frogs#kiss_frog", as: "kiss_frog"
 
  resources :frogs # all RESTful routes
  resources :lilypads, only: [:index, :show] # also: except
  resource :grove # singular routes don't have index or destroy
 
end

rails g controller Plural index show new create edit update destroy
rails d / rails g ... --force

# app/controllers/frogs_controller.rb
 
class FrogsController < ApplicationController
    before_action :set_frog, only: [:show, :edit, :update, :destroy, :kiss_frog]
    # before_action :set_frog, except: [:index, :new, :create]
 
    def index
        @frogs = Frog.all
    end
 
    def show
        # @frog is handled by set_frog
        # @frog = Frog.find(params[:id])
    end
 
    def new
        @frog = Frog.new
    end
 
    def create
        @frog = Frog.new(frog_params)
        if @frog.save
            redirect_to @frog, notice: 'a frog has joined the pond'
        else
            render :new, status: :unprocessable_entity
        end
    end
 
    def edit
        # @frog = Frog.find(params[:id])
    end
 
    def update
        if @frog.update(frog_params)
            redirect_to @frog
        else
            render :edit, status: :unprocessable_entity
        end
    end
 
    def destroy
        @frog.destroy
        redirect_to frogs_path
    end
 
    def kiss_frog
        @frog.update(color: "pink")
        redirect_to @frog
    end
 
    private
 
    def set_frog
        @frog = Frog.find(params[:id])
    end
 
    def frog_params
        params.require(:frog).permit(:name, :color)
    end
end

<!-- app/views/welcome/index.html.erb -->
 
<h1><%= @grove.name %></h1>
 
<% @frogs.each do |frog| if @frogs.present? %>
  <!-- app/views/shared/_frog.html.erb -->
  <%= render 'shared/frog', frog: frog %>
<% end %>
 
<%= link_to 'New Frog', new_frog_path, class: 'btn' %>
 
<!-- assets/images/frog.jpg -->
<%= image_tag 'frog.jpg', alt: 'Frog' %>

<%= form_with(model: @frog) do |form| %>
  <%= form.label :name %>
  <%= form.text_field :name %>
 
  <%= form.hidden_field :color, value: "green" %>
 
  <%= form.submit %>
<% end %>

<%= form_with(model: @frog, url: kiss_frog_path(@frog), method: :post) do |form| %>
  <%= form.text_field :name %>
  <%= form.submit "Kiss this frog" %>
<% end %>

<%= button_to "Delete", frog_path(frog), method: :delete, data: { confirm: "Are you sure?" } %>
<%= button_to "Kiss Frog", kiss_frog_path(frog), method: :patch %>

<%= link_to "Frog", frog_path(frog), class: "btn" %>
<%= link_to "Transform", edit_frog_path(frog) %>
<%= link_to "Delete", frog_path(frog), method: :delete, data: { confirm: "Are you sure?" } %>

rails g model Frog name:string color:string spots:integer pond:references
rails g model Lilypad color:string pond:references
rails g model Nap frog:references lilypad:references # join table
rails d / rails g ... --force

# app/models/frog.rb
 
class Frog < ApplicationRecord
  belongs_to :pond # frog has pond_id foreign key
  has_many :naps, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :lilypads, through: :naps # join table
 
  validates :name, presence: true
  validate :is_cute # custom validation
 
  scope :spotted, -> { where("spots > 0") }
 
  private
 
  def is_cute
    exists = true
    errors.add(:base, "must be cute") unless exists
  end
end

validates :name, presence: true, length: { minimum: 2 }
validates :spots, uniqueness: true
validates :color, inclusion: { in: ["green", "blue"] }
validates :size, numericality: { greater_than: 0 }

rails db:migrate:status
rails db:migrate

rails g migration AddSpeciesToFrogs species:string
rails g migration RemoveSpotsFromFrogs spots:integer

class AddSpeciesToFrogs < ActiveRecord::Migration[7.0]
    def change # up + down
        add_column :frogs, :species, :string
    end
    # up: add_column :frogs, :species, :string
    # down: remove_column :frogs, :species
end

frog = Frog.new(name: "Shroom", color: "green") # create in memory
frog.save # save to database
 
Frog.create!(name: "Shroom", color: "green") # create + save
 
Frog.find(1) # find by id
Frog.find_by(name: "Shroom") # first match
Frog.where(color: "green", spots: 3) # all matches
Frog.spotted # scope